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Finance GlossaryBenchmark
Benchmark
Definition of Benchmark
A benchmark is a standard used by investors to compare the performance of a stock, commodity, or other securities.
Stock indices like Nifty 50, Sensex, Nifty Bank, and others are often used as benchmarks to evaluate the performance of one or more stocks.
The onset of a bear market is generally in tandem with poor economic conditions.
Benchmarks are not just used for evaluating markets or securities, they can also be used to assess the performance of an investor or wealth manager. Here are some outcomes if the returns are:
Stock indices like Nifty 50, Sensex, Nifty Bank, and others are often used as benchmarks to evaluate the performance of one or more stocks.
The onset of a bear market is generally in tandem with poor economic conditions.
Benchmarks are not just used for evaluating markets or securities, they can also be used to assess the performance of an investor or wealth manager. Here are some outcomes if the returns are:
- Greater than benchmark: the asset is doing considerably well (great)
- Same as benchmark: the asset is moving with the market (okay)
- Less than benchmark: the asset is performing poorly (bad)
Related Terms
Flipping
Flipping is the act of buying and selling an asset quickly to make a profit. The term is commonly used in real estate where an investor buys a property and sells it within a short span of time, say days or weeks, to make a quick buck.
The real estate investor may flip the property after making small improvements to it, thereby increasing the chance of making potentially lucrative returns. Flipping is also a term used to describe an investor’s actions during an IPO.
For example, let’s assume Mr. Apple invests in the IPO of Juice & Co. and intends to sell the shares days or weeks after the company’s stock is available on the secondary market.
The stock soars on the first day of listing, right at the opening bell, and Mr. Apple sells. In such a case, Mr. Apple will have earned potential profits by flipping IPO shares.
The real estate investor may flip the property after making small improvements to it, thereby increasing the chance of making potentially lucrative returns. Flipping is also a term used to describe an investor’s actions during an IPO.
For example, let’s assume Mr. Apple invests in the IPO of Juice & Co. and intends to sell the shares days or weeks after the company’s stock is available on the secondary market.
The stock soars on the first day of listing, right at the opening bell, and Mr. Apple sells. In such a case, Mr. Apple will have earned potential profits by flipping IPO shares.
Paper Profit/Loss
Paper profit or loss ( Unrealised profit or loss) is the profit or loss on an investment that has not been converted into actual cash. Paper profit occurs when the current market value of a security is higher than its purchase price while when the current market value of a security is less than its purchase price, it is paper loss. The profit or loss is only realised when the investor sells the security, thus it is also called paper trading and virtual trading. Indian tax laws don't tax profits on paper until realised through sale.
Issue Price
The issue price is the price at which a company sells its newly issued shares during an IPO. The company that is set to go public will conduct thorough market analysis before deciding the issue price.
Working Capital
Working capital represents a company’s short-term financial health and operational efficiency, calculated as current assets minus current liabilities. For instance, a business with sufficient working capital can comfortably pay suppliers and meet day-to-day expenses, while negative working capital may indicate liquidity challenges.
Moving Average (SMA/EMA)
Moving Average (SMA/EMA) is a trend-following indicator that reduces noise by averaging past prices. Simple moving average (SMA) takes an equal average of prices over a chosen period, while Exponential moving average (EMA) emphasises recent prices, allowing it to react faster to changes in market direction.
Runaway Gap
A runway gap or a continuation gap sometimes appears in the middle of a strong price trend. It reflects that the stock price is gaining sustained momentum. Often, these gaps show up when traders rush in. As a result, the prices can move sharply higher or lower. A runaway gap sends a strong signal to those who follow trends. It confirms the strength in price and suggests that the healthy momentum may continue for some time.
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