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Finance GlossaryCommon Stocks
Common Stocks
Definition of Common Stocks
A common stock is a type of share that gives the holder the right to a part of a company’s profits, voting on key policies and decisions. Common stockholders have an advantage over preferred stockholders because they can:
- Get higher returns
- A part of the assets left after a company is liquidated (in case of default)
Related Terms
Leverage In Stock Market
Leverage is a loan that a broker offers to allow traders to take up bigger positions by paying lesser capital. This feature is known as Margin Trading Facility (MTF) or simply margin funding. Leverage is often represented as a multiple like 2X, 3X, 4X, 5X and so on. For example, getting 5X leverage on a trade worth ₹1,00,000 means you’ll pay ₹20,000 and the broker will cover the rest of the ₹80,000.
Butterfly Spread
A butterfly spread is an options strategy that combines bull and bear spreads to generate a small chunk of profit. To achieve this, a butterfly strategy consists of four positions in four options contracts that have the same expiration but different strike prices.
Follow On Public Offer
A Follow On Public Offer or FPO allows a publicly traded company to issue more stock to public investors. FPOs are similar to IPOs because FPOs allow companies to raise additional capital through the public market.
For an FPO to be possible, a company must have already done an IPO. FPO shares are typically issued at a discount by a company whose track record is already clear because they are publicly traded.
For an FPO to be possible, a company must have already done an IPO. FPO shares are typically issued at a discount by a company whose track record is already clear because they are publicly traded.
Multi-Bagger
A multi-bagger refers to a stock that delivers returns multiple times higher than its original investment value. For example, a stock that grows five times from its purchase price is called a five-bagger. Investors often associate multi-baggers with strong business growth, long-term holding, and effective capital allocation.
Discounted Cash Flow
Discounted cash flow is a method of valuing a company in the present based on future cash flows. An investment may be profitable in the present if the discounted cash flow is above the current cost of investing.
The formula to calculate discounted cash flows is:
DCF = Cash Flow Year 1 / (1+r1)^1 + Cash Flow Year 2 / (1+r2)^2 + Cash Flow Year N / (1+r)^n
The formula to calculate discounted cash flows is:
DCF = Cash Flow Year 1 / (1+r1)^1 + Cash Flow Year 2 / (1+r2)^2 + Cash Flow Year N / (1+r)^n
Negative Correlation
Negative Correlation describes a relationship between two assets where they move in opposite directions. When one increases in value, the other tends to decrease. In finance, it is often used to reduce portfolio risk by combining assets that do not move together. An example is gold and equity market.
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