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Finance GlossaryFree Cash Flow
Free Cash Flow
Definition of Free Cash Flow
In accounting and earnings reports, free cash flow refers to the amount of money a company has after paying its maintenance expenses, salaries, utility expenses, and other operating expenses as well as capital expenditures.
The formula to calculate free cash flow: Operating Cash Flow − Capital Expenditures
Free cash flow is an important metric, especially for investors because it is a direct indicator of the financial competence of a company. For example, the amount of FCF a company has can decide whether it has enough cash to offer dividends, expand business, buy back shares, etc.
The formula to calculate free cash flow: Operating Cash Flow − Capital Expenditures
Free cash flow is an important metric, especially for investors because it is a direct indicator of the financial competence of a company. For example, the amount of FCF a company has can decide whether it has enough cash to offer dividends, expand business, buy back shares, etc.
Related Terms
Dividend Stocks
Dividend stocks are shares of companies that redistribute their profits to shareholders in the form of dividends. Such companies are typically industry or sector leaders with stellar reputations and track records.
How much dividend a company offers can be calculated with the dividend yield ratio or dividend per share.
Investors prefer to buy dividend stocks because they can either reinvest the dividends to buy more shares or earn passive income. Examples of dividend stocks in India include:
How much dividend a company offers can be calculated with the dividend yield ratio or dividend per share.
Investors prefer to buy dividend stocks because they can either reinvest the dividends to buy more shares or earn passive income. Examples of dividend stocks in India include:
- Coal India
- Indian Oil Corporation (IOC)
- ONGC
- SAIL
- Tata Steel
Par Value
Par value, also known as face value or nominal value, is the stated, fixed amount on a financial instrument (such as a stock or bond) fixed at the time of issuance, the minimum amount for accounting and legal purposes. For bonds, it's the amount repaid at maturity, and used to calculate interest; for stocks, it's the minimum price the company can sell shares for initially. Market price is different from par value.
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of price movements on a scale of 0-100. Readings above 70 signal overbought conditions, suggesting potential reversals, while below 30 indicates oversold levels. Traders use 14-period RSI to identify entry/exit points and confirm trends in stocks or indices.
Anchoring and Adjustment
Anchoring is a bias that drives people to make decisions that are based on (anchored to) pre-existing notions, ideas, and suggestions that may or may not be true.
Adjustments around anchoring are common as it becomes a starting point for many when it comes to decision-making.
For example, someone is anchored to a financial model or strategy. They may choose to use the anchor in situations where it may not fit and as a result, may end up getting an unfavorable outcome.
Adjustments around anchoring are common as it becomes a starting point for many when it comes to decision-making.
For example, someone is anchored to a financial model or strategy. They may choose to use the anchor in situations where it may not fit and as a result, may end up getting an unfavorable outcome.
Beta Coefficient
Beta coefficient is used to measure the volatility of stocks in relation to changes in the market. Basically, Beta helps investors understand the risks associated with a stock compared to the market.
The formula to calculate the Beta coefficient is:
Beta (β) = Covariance (Ri, Rm) / Variance (Rm)
Where:
The formula to calculate the Beta coefficient is:
Beta (β) = Covariance (Ri, Rm) / Variance (Rm)
Where:
- Ri = a stock's return
- Rm = overall market's return
- Covariance = ups & downs of stock returns versus ups & downs of market returns
- Variance = the difference between market returns and its average
Generally, Beta values are of four types:
- Beta < 1.0: stock less volatile than the market
- Beta = 1.0: stock just as volatile as the market
- Beta > 1.0: stock more volatile than the market
- Negative Beta: stock shares inverse relation with the market
Differential Voting Rights
Differential Voting Rights or DVRs are special types of shares that carry more or less voting rights, depending on the issuing company. For example, a DVR share that carries less than usual voting rights may generate relatively high dividends.
A publicly traded company that wants to issue DVR shares must go through a postal ballot. There are other caveats as well. But broadly speaking, a company must have a healthy finanical track record if they want to issue DVR shares.
A publicly traded company that wants to issue DVR shares must go through a postal ballot. There are other caveats as well. But broadly speaking, a company must have a healthy finanical track record if they want to issue DVR shares.
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