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Finance GlossaryPre-IPO
Pre-IPO
Definition of Pre-IPO
Pre-IPO (or Pre-Initial Public Offering) refers to the phase of a company where it raises capital by selling its shares to private investors (such as venture capitalists, private equity firms, or institutional investors) before officially going public with an IPO. These shares are bought at a discount to the expected IPO price. Investing in pre-IPO shares is for experienced investors because the shares are illiquid and have a high risk, but have the potential for high returns if the company performs well after listing.
Related Terms
Negative Correlation
Negative Correlation describes a relationship between two assets where they move in opposite directions. When one increases in value, the other tends to decrease. In finance, it is often used to reduce portfolio risk by combining assets that do not move together. An example is gold and equity market.
Paid-Up Capital
Paid-Up Capital is the amount of money that the company has received from its shareholders in exchange for the company's stock. It is thus the portion of the authorised capital which has actually been subscribed by the investors and paid for. Paid-up capital of the company appears in the balance sheet.
Resistance Level
A resistance level is a specific price point where a stock or asset repeatedly finds it challenging to move higher. The selling pressure usually increases at this level as traders book profits or expect a reversal. When the price breaks above this level with strong volume, it shows increasing bullish strength. It carries the potential for continued upward momentum.
Forex Trading
Forex trading means buying and selling currency pairs through exchange-traded derivatives or on the OTC market. A currency can only be bought and sold in exchange for another currency, which is why forex trading is always done in pairs.
Trading forex derivatives is carried out on stock exchanges authorized by regulatory bodies (SEBI & RBI), in tandem with approved brokers who allow users to engage with the forex futures trading and options trading markets.
Trading forex derivatives is carried out on stock exchanges authorized by regulatory bodies (SEBI & RBI), in tandem with approved brokers who allow users to engage with the forex futures trading and options trading markets.
Beta Stocks
Beta of stocks measures the risk that the shares carry compared to the broader market. Theoretically, the market is said to have a default Beta of 1. As a result, Beta stocks can be of four types:
- High Beta Stocks : typically having a Beta value of more than 1, these stocks are known to be high-risk, high-reward investments
- Low Beta Stocks : typically having a Beta value of less than 1, these stocks are known to be low-risk, low-reward investments
- Negative Beta Stocks : typically having a Beta value of less than zero, these stocks are known to have an inverse correlation with the market
- Same as the market : typically having a Beta that’s equal to 1, these stocks are known to share characteristics with the market
Over-the-Counter (OTC)
Over-the-Counter (OTC) refers to a decentralised marketplace wherein financial instruments are traded directly between two parties without the supervision of a formal exchange, such as NSE or BSE. This trading is done through a dealer network (broker-dealers) over the phone or electronically. The OTC market is less regulated and less transparent than exchange-traded markets and frequently involves customised agreements between institutions.
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