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Finance GlossaryTime Value of Money (TVM)
Time Value of Money (TVM)
Definition of Time Value of Money (TVM)
Time Value of Money (TVM) is the concept that money available today is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its earning potential. It forms the foundation of financial decision-making and valuation. TVM is applied in investments, loans, discounting cash flows, and retirement planning.
Related Terms
Oversold
Oversold is a term that is used to denote that a security's price has dropped sharply, and the broader market sentiment indicates a high probability of rebound or price correction in the near term. It implies that the selling pressure is likely to be nearing exhaustion. Traders use indicators such as the Relative Strength Index (RSI) to detect oversold levels. When the RSI level is below 30, the particular security is oversold. An oversold condition implies that the price decline may be due for a pause or reversal, but it is not a sure sign of a price increase.
Capital Asset Pricing Model
Capital Asset Pricing Model or CAPM is used to determine the expected return one can earn on an asset by evaluating the associated risks and how markets price the asset.
Yield Curve
The yield curve is a graphical representation showing yields of bonds with different maturities. A normal upward-sloping yield curve indicates higher returns for long-term bonds, while an inverted yield curve, where short-term yields exceed long-term yields, often signals expectations of economic slowdown or recession.
Basis Of Allotment
The basis of allotment is the criteria to allocate shares to investors, most commonly during IPOs. Criteria or basis for allotment lays out the following information:
The difference between the spot and futures prices forms the “basis” for the trading strategy. Hence the name basis trading. These are the two ways in which a trader may use the basis:
The difference between the spot and futures prices forms the “basis” for the trading strategy. Hence the name basis trading. These are the two ways in which a trader may use the basis:
- Share allocation ratio
- Bids
- Demand
- Final price
The basis of allotment can vary based on the type of investor in question. Bidders during an IPO for whom a different basis of allotment applies include:
- Retail Individual Investors (RII)
- Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB)
- Non-Institutional Buyers (NIBs)
- High Net-worth Individuals (HNIs)
- Anchor Investors
Free Cash Flow
In accounting and earnings reports, free cash flow refers to the amount of money a company has after paying its maintenance expenses, salaries, utility expenses, and other operating expenses as well as capital expenditures.
The formula to calculate free cash flow: Operating Cash Flow − Capital Expenditures
Free cash flow is an important metric, especially for investors because it is a direct indicator of the financial competence of a company. For example, the amount of FCF a company has can decide whether it has enough cash to offer dividends, expand business, buy back shares, etc.
The formula to calculate free cash flow: Operating Cash Flow − Capital Expenditures
Free cash flow is an important metric, especially for investors because it is a direct indicator of the financial competence of a company. For example, the amount of FCF a company has can decide whether it has enough cash to offer dividends, expand business, buy back shares, etc.
Butterfly Spread
A butterfly spread is an options strategy that combines bull and bear spreads to generate a small chunk of profit. To achieve this, a butterfly strategy consists of four positions in four options contracts that have the same expiration but different strike prices.
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