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Finance GlossaryCash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Definition of Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are short-term assets or holdings which fall under the current assets of a business. Cash and cash equivalents have very high liquidity. When you take the term literally, you have two components:
- Cash: money like cash holdings in a bank account, petty cash, and others
- Cash equivalents: assets or investments like T-bills, commercial paper, and others that have a short maturity which can easily be converted into cash
Related Terms
Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker or market curb is a measure that exchanges use to put a stop to all trading activities across an index or entire market. This regulatory measure is put in place to curb panic selling, especially when markets are in free fall.
That’s why circuit breakers are also known as trading curbs and are put in place when an index or market reaches a specific level. These are the current circuit breaker limits on NSE:
That’s why circuit breakers are also known as trading curbs and are put in place when an index or market reaches a specific level. These are the current circuit breaker limits on NSE:
| Circuit Breaker Trigger | Trading Halt Duration |
|---|---|
| 10% | 0-45 minutes |
| 15% | 45 minutes; 1 hour 45 minutes; rest of the day |
| 20% | Rest of the day |
Contingent Liabilities
A contingent liability is shown on a balance sheet for an event that may or may not happen in the future. The potential liability arising out of such an uncertain event is recorded as a contingency in both GAAP and IFRS accounting standards.
At The Money
At The Money is a scenario in which the strike price of an options contract is the same as the market price of its underlying security.
Exercising an option At The Money can lead to a loss as the premium paid for the contract won’t be recovered.
That said, At The Money is known to be a positive indicator as it indicates the option may soon have intrinsic value.
Exercising an option At The Money can lead to a loss as the premium paid for the contract won’t be recovered.
That said, At The Money is known to be a positive indicator as it indicates the option may soon have intrinsic value.
Dividend Per Share
Dividend per share indicates the amount of dividends paid as a ratio of the number of shares outstanding. Or, dividend per share could also refer to the product of earnings per share and dividend payout ratio.
Thus, the formula to calculate dividend per share is:
DPS: Total dividend amount / Number of shares outstanding
Or
DPS: Earnings Per Share x Dividend Payout Ratio
An investor can determine how much dividends they stand to earn for each share they own by calculating dividends per share.
Thus, the formula to calculate dividend per share is:
DPS: Total dividend amount / Number of shares outstanding
Or
DPS: Earnings Per Share x Dividend Payout Ratio
An investor can determine how much dividends they stand to earn for each share they own by calculating dividends per share.
Backtesting
Backtesting means simulating trading strategies and models using historical data to understand whether they are effective.
In many ways, backtesting is considered to be an important part of crafting trading strategies that work.
If backtesting leads to positive results, then the trading strategy or model may be viable.
In many ways, backtesting is considered to be an important part of crafting trading strategies that work.
If backtesting leads to positive results, then the trading strategy or model may be viable.
Yield
Yield is the income generated from an investment, expressed as a percentage of its price or value. For example, a bond paying ₹50 annually on a ₹1,000 investment offers a 5% yield, helping investors compare income potential across different assets like bonds, dividends, or fixed deposits.
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