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Finance GlossaryEquity Capital Markets
Equity Capital Markets
Definition of Equity Capital Markets
Equity capital markets (ECMs) are a place where companies raise money by offering equity shares to financial firms, institutional investors, and retail investors.
Fund raising of this kind is often done through private placements or Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in the primary market, which is a part of the ECM. The biggest IPOs in India are all part of the ECM.
The equity capital market is also a place where shares, futures, options, and other financial instruments are traded. This part of the ECM is known as the secondary market. The stock market is a popular example of an ECM.
Fund raising of this kind is often done through private placements or Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in the primary market, which is a part of the ECM. The biggest IPOs in India are all part of the ECM.
The equity capital market is also a place where shares, futures, options, and other financial instruments are traded. This part of the ECM is known as the secondary market. The stock market is a popular example of an ECM.
Related Terms
American Option
An American Option allows the contract holder to exercise the right any time before or on the expiry date. American style options contracts are not available in India.
Derivatives Trading
Derivatives trading means buying and selling derivatives contracts like futures, options, swaps, and forwards either on an exchange or over the counter.
Trading derivatives means trading contracts that derive their value from an underlying asset like stocks, commodities, currencies, indexes, interest rates, and more.
The buyer of the contract can decide to take delivery to the underlying asset or offset it with an opposite contract.
Trading derivatives means trading contracts that derive their value from an underlying asset like stocks, commodities, currencies, indexes, interest rates, and more.
The buyer of the contract can decide to take delivery to the underlying asset or offset it with an opposite contract.
Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the act of acquiring a majority stake in a company located in a different country with the intention of assisting, growing, and managing the business.
FDIs and FPIs may seem similar but there is a major difference - lasting interest. When a company or investor obtains at least 10% control of foreign company with the intention of actively managing the business, it’s known as lasting interest.
A company that establishes a subsidiary in another country can also be classified as FDI. FDIs can also be made through mergers and acquisitions as well as collaborations with foreign companies
FDIs and FPIs may seem similar but there is a major difference - lasting interest. When a company or investor obtains at least 10% control of foreign company with the intention of actively managing the business, it’s known as lasting interest.
A company that establishes a subsidiary in another country can also be classified as FDI. FDIs can also be made through mergers and acquisitions as well as collaborations with foreign companies
Book To Bill Ratio
Book to Bill ratio is the value you get by dividing the total worth of new orders received by the total worth of orders sold. The formula to calculate Book to Bill ratio is:
Book to Bill ratio: Total worth of new orders received / Total worth of orders billed
Book to Bill ratio helps companies understand the demand and supply for their goods or services. A Book to Bill ratio of more than 1 means that there’s more demand and less supply.
Whereas, a Book to Bill ratio of less than 1 means that there’s less demand and more supply. Using these indicators, the company can work on increasing or limiting production.
Book to Bill ratio: Total worth of new orders received / Total worth of orders billed
Book to Bill ratio helps companies understand the demand and supply for their goods or services. A Book to Bill ratio of more than 1 means that there’s more demand and less supply.
Whereas, a Book to Bill ratio of less than 1 means that there’s less demand and more supply. Using these indicators, the company can work on increasing or limiting production.
Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT)
Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) is an investment framework that focuses on maximizing returns for a given level of risk through diversification. It suggests that combining assets with different risk and return characteristics can reduce overall portfolio risk, rather than evaluating investments in isolation.
Bottom Line in Finance
Bottom line in finance is used to refer to a company’s crucial metrics like earnings, profits, net profits, earnings per share (EPS), and others.
Any move or action that can impact a company’s profit or net profit in a positive or negative direction is also referred to as the bottom line.
“Bottom line” is called such because the crucial metrics of a company are generally found at the bottom of a financial statement.
Any move or action that can impact a company’s profit or net profit in a positive or negative direction is also referred to as the bottom line.
“Bottom line” is called such because the crucial metrics of a company are generally found at the bottom of a financial statement.
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