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Finance GlossaryOver-the-Counter (OTC)
Over-the-Counter (OTC)
Definition of Over-the-Counter (OTC)
Over-the-Counter (OTC) refers to a decentralised marketplace wherein financial instruments are traded directly between two parties without the supervision of a formal exchange, such as NSE or BSE. This trading is done through a dealer network (broker-dealers) over the phone or electronically. The OTC market is less regulated and less transparent than exchange-traded markets and frequently involves customised agreements between institutions.
Related Terms
Yield
Yield is the income generated from an investment, expressed as a percentage of its price or value. For example, a bond paying ₹50 annually on a ₹1,000 investment offers a 5% yield, helping investors compare income potential across different assets like bonds, dividends, or fixed deposits.
Best Efforts Underwriting/Offering
A best efforts underwriting or offering means the underwriter will do their best to market the securities for the issuer (company, supplier, etc) to investors. The underwriter will not buy all the securities from the issuer, only those the underwriter’s clients want to purchase.
Future Trading
Futures trading is the buying and selling of futures contracts on a recognized exchange or over the counter. Futures contracts are derivatives that oblige a trader to buy or sell the underlying security at a predetermined price and date.
Trading futures is possible for equity shares, commodities, currencies, as well as interest rates. Those who trade futures are generally classified as speculators or hedgers.
Speculators trade futures to make a profit. Hedgers delve into futures trading to manage risk, which simply means protecting themselves from unfavorable movements in the market.
Trading futures is possible for equity shares, commodities, currencies, as well as interest rates. Those who trade futures are generally classified as speculators or hedgers.
Speculators trade futures to make a profit. Hedgers delve into futures trading to manage risk, which simply means protecting themselves from unfavorable movements in the market.
Bonds
Bonds are fixed income securities issued in exchange for a loan, generally by governments and corporations. A bond will generate a fixed interest rate on top of the principal across a fixed time period.
A bond market is a place where bonds are issued, bought, and sold. Bonds are issued in exchange for a loan generally by governments and corporations.
The quality of a bond can be understood by its credit rating, which is nothing but the creditworthiness of the company issuing it. The best bonds in India are known to have the following credit rating:
The quality of a bond can be understood by its credit rating, which is nothing but the creditworthiness of the company issuing it. The best bonds in India are known to have the following credit rating:
- SOV: Only for government bonds
- AAA: Highest
- AA+: High-medium
- A+: Upper-medium
- BBB+: Lower-medium
- BB+: Speculative
- B+: Highlight speculative
- CCC+: Risky
- CC: Extremely risky
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk refers to the probable decline in the value of a fixed income security because of a fluctuation in the interest rate. Fixed income securities lose value when interest rates rise whereas a bond or other debt instruments become more valuable when interest rates fall. Equity shares and securities do not carry interest rate risk.
Bear Market
A bear market is a period of continuous decline in the stock or commodity market.
Typically, investors believe that a bear market has arrived when a stock, commodity, or entire index fall by 20% or more from its most recent highs.
The onset of a bear market is generally in tandem with poor economic conditions.
Typically, investors believe that a bear market has arrived when a stock, commodity, or entire index fall by 20% or more from its most recent highs.
The onset of a bear market is generally in tandem with poor economic conditions.
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