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Finance GlossaryPlowback Ratio
Plowback Ratio
Definition of Plowback Ratio
The Plowback Ratio (or Retention Ratio) is the ratio of the net income of a company that is retained by the company to be reinvested in the company's business operations and growth (rather than paid out as dividends). The formula is: Plowback Ratio = (Net Income - Dividends Paid) / Net Income. High-growth companies in the IT or manufacturing sector often have a high plowback ratio as they see higher benefit in re-investing their profits to fuel expansion. A low plowback ratio indicates that a company is mature and returns a larger portion of its earnings to its shareholders.
Related Terms
Anaume Pattern
An Anaume Pattern can be seen when a gap is filled after a change in the direction of a security or market’s price.
Anaume Patterns are gap-filling patterns that can signal the reversal of a bearish trend, which is nothing but a potential onset of a bullish trend, when used in conjunction with other patterns.
Anaume Patterns are also known as exception exhaustion patterns.
Anaume Patterns are gap-filling patterns that can signal the reversal of a bearish trend, which is nothing but a potential onset of a bullish trend, when used in conjunction with other patterns.
Anaume Patterns are also known as exception exhaustion patterns.
Option Chain
An Option Chain is the complete list of all the options contracts, both calls and puts, for a given underlying security, across a wide range of expiration dates and strike prices. It shows real-time data of bid price and ask price, trading volume, and open interest for each contract. Traders use the option chain to analyse market depth and identify where the most trading activity is concentrated (often suggesting potential support and resistance levels).
Consumer Price Index
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures how costly goods and services have become over time. It is calculated by measuring the weighted average of the percentage change in the price of a basket of goods and services.
If the CPI increases, it means that inflation is on the rise. In India, the CPI replaced Whosale Price Index (WPI) as the primary measure of inflation in 2013.
If the CPI increases, it means that inflation is on the rise. In India, the CPI replaced Whosale Price Index (WPI) as the primary measure of inflation in 2013.
VIX (Volatility Index)
The VIX, often called the “fear index,” measures market expectations of near-term volatility based on options pricing. When the VIX rises sharply, it indicates increased investor anxiety, such as during market crashes or geopolitical events, while a low VIX suggests stable and confident market conditions.
Derivatives Market
The derivatives market is a place where financial contracts like futures, options, forwards, and swaps are traded. It is a complex market that is a subset of the stock market, commodity market, currency market, and others depending on the underlying asset that’s a part of the derivative contract.
Fair Value
The fair value of a stock, product, or service is the price at which the buyer and seller willingly agree on without being on the losing end of the deal. Think of fair value as a win-win situation for both parties, assuming that all conditions are normal.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
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