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Finance GlossaryAnnual Report
Annual Report
Definition of Annual Report
An annual report is an exhaustive written account of a company’s finances, activities, and other relevant information for the fiscal year.
Publicly traded companies are required to publish annual reports so that existing and potential shareholders have full transparency into the company’s finances and overall health.
Publicly traded companies are required to publish annual reports so that existing and potential shareholders have full transparency into the company’s finances and overall health.
Related Terms
Promoter Holding
Promoter holding refers to the percentage of total shares held by the promoters of a company. Promoters are a group of individuals who are responsible for the foundation or management of the company. High promoter holding can signal strong management conviction in the future of the company, but can also lead to concerns about corporate governance and a lack of sufficient free float of shares for the public market.
Index Futures
Index futures are derivative instruments that track an underlying sectoral, thematic, or benchmark index like Nifty Bank, Finnifty, Nifty 50, and others. While trading index futures, a trader avoids individual share risk by trading an entire index.
Founders Stock
The term founders stock refers to shares issued to the founders of a company. This type of stock is issued at face value and carries a vesting period, which is a lock-in period during which the shares cannot be sold.
During this period, the founders stock may not earn any returns, unless there are dividends attached to it. Founders stock is not an accounting term - it is used colloquially to denote the shares issued to founders.
During this period, the founders stock may not earn any returns, unless there are dividends attached to it. Founders stock is not an accounting term - it is used colloquially to denote the shares issued to founders.
Pennant Pattern
A Pennant is a continuation chart pattern used in technical analysis, and is shaped like a small, symmetrical triangle or a flag. It is formed following a sharp, significant move in price (either up or down) and represents a brief consolidation phase where volume is declining. The pennant pattern is characterised by two converging trend lines. Once the consolidation is over, a breakout from the pennant pattern (in the direction of the initial move) is anticipated, which indicates a continuation of the previous trend. Traders look for a large volume to accompany the breakout to confirm the move.
Program Trading
Program trading, which is frequently linked with algorithmic trading, is the use of computer algorithms for automatically generating and executing orders in large volumes based on predetermined sets of rules, such as price or timing conditions. It is the buying or selling of a basket of stocks at the same time. Program trading has significantly increased the speed and volume of market transactions and is commonly employed in arbitrage, index arbitrage, and portfolio insurance strategies.
Cash Ratio
A cash ratio measures a company’s ability to fulfill short-term debt obligations using only its cash and cash equivalents, which are known to have high liquidity. The formula for calculating cash ratio is:
Cash Ratio: Cash + Cash Equivalents / Current Liabilities
Cash Ratio: Cash + Cash Equivalents / Current Liabilities
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